The concept that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) molecule must undergo some kind of structural modification before it becomes fully proatherogenic was descovery in the beginning of 80 decade. The lipoproteins captivate in the subendothelial intima can be modified by oxidants or enzymes derived from endothelials cells, monocytes or smooth muscle. However, seems that the oxidative stress play some role in the genesis of atherosclerosis disease. The revision suggest that the ox-LDL is involved in the activation of several vascular components and induce many pro-atherogenic genes essential to the beginning cascade events that unchain the atherosclerotic process. Several autors consider the oxidative modification of LDL-c important and, probablely, obligatory in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Besides, would be interesting the to became part of, ox-LDL mensure how more one early diagnosis implement to prevention and detection of cardiovascular diseases. This paper aims to examine the oxidative modification hypothesis of atherosclerosis in the light of scientific knowledge to add basics information to comprehension of basics mechanisms involved in atherosclerotic process.